Without the work of women on the Home Front, Britain could not have won the First World War

Throughout the time of the war, women abandoned all aspects of their old lives. Suffragists and suffragettes suspended their campaigns for the vote. Instead they concentrated on setting up unions and leagues to actively encourage men to join the army. For example they published posters urging mothers, sisters, wives, daughters to persuade male family members to sign up. All men who wouldn't sign up were given a white feather, more famously known as the symbol of a coward. Not only did women concentrate on boosting recruitment; they soon replaced male workers doing dangerous and hard jobs in bad conditions where they were occasionally subjected to abuse. The analysis of the following sources will help to prove or disprove the question. Source A is written by a woman who lived through the war. It explains the work that she did after the war broke out and how much she was paid. The letter was written in 1976 but is a primary source. This means that the source needs careful consideration when deciding if it is reliable. The woman's memory may not be accurate so it could be inaccurate, exaggerated, or miss placing vital information. The source has a very one-sided view, as the author seems to only note to the positive aspects of her change in career. There is no suggestion of bad conditions, treatment or injuries as many other sources suggest. The source makes the working life of women seem pleasant and enjoyable. However many sources and other information do not agree with this. The source doesn't directly agree with the question as it doesn't show that women were helping Britain win the war but does stress that they were useful. The source isn't very reliable unless it is used in conjunction with another source to back it up. Source B is part of a book written by Sylvia Pankhurst in 1932. Sylvia was the daughter of Emily Pankhurst who was the founder of suffragettes and Sylvia was a firm follower. Suffragettes wanted the right to vote and used fierce campaigns often ending in violence and riots. They were strong, determined and single-minded women. Sylvia was especially this way. She set up unions to campaign for women's rights. The source, therefore, could be biased and used to persuade people to support and join them. Even tough it was written after the war women still weren't seen equals and needed many people to help support them. The source could therefore be exaggerated to help make the writing more emotive and persuasive. This source is more informative than the one before, it shows us the disadvantages and seems much more like other information that has been published. For example the bad working conditions ‘it was common for six o more dope painters to be lying ill'. The source does agree more with the statement than Source A. It suggests that women were putting their lives at risk to help continue industry and help the war continue. Source C, again, taken from a book, written in 1917 by a factory owner. This source completely contrasts with the previous source. It suggests that ‘women prefer factory life'. Being a primary piece of evidence, it may have been used to boost the number of female workers in the factories so may not be entirely reliable. Although the owner will be seeing the everyday work women are doing and how they do it. However this source doesn't tell us what factory it is. If the factory is in good condition and the women there are working in an enjoyable atmosphere with good pay then they will be obviously enjoying their work. The source does not tell us the numbers of women that enjoy factory life; it may only be a minority of the workforce. The source lacks in vital information, which could change the whole outlook of the source and has no evidence to prove what it is suggesting. It is hard to find sources that agree with this view unless they are obvious propaganda. The evidence in this source does not really with the statement because it is not proving that women are helping the war and is a biased piece of writing. Source D, on the other hand, is completely different. It is a photograph taken in a munitions factory during the first world war. It doesn't tell us when during the war the photo was taken. If it was taken at the start of the war it could mean that it is showing how men's attitudes to women were still very poor. Also there is no suggestion of numbers and how the women themselves feel. No evidence of working conditions is shown. There is evidence to suggest that it is propaganda used to help women join the factories; it shows women doing highly skilled work. But more evidence to disprove this idea. The women look depressed, unhappy and they are not smiling. Also there is a board at the back, which reads ‘when the boys come back we are not going to keep you any longer – girls. ‘ Suggesting men feel superior and better. This would not help women the workforce. The use of the work ‘girls' makes the women seem young, helpless and insuperior. It could well be used to change male attitudes of women for the worse and may have been made by trade unions that disapproved of female workers. This source defiantly agrees with the statement. It directly says how women are needed and has photographic proof of women working in the factories. Source E is a poster from the British government produced in 1916. This is undoubtedly propaganda. It was made during the munitions crisis and was made as a part of the DORA scheme. Therefore it is likely the source is biased and used to boost morale. Its main purpose, however, is to persuade the women to join the workforce. It shows a woman of middle class or higher and well dressed. She is young and obviously working as she is wearing an overall. She looks like she is flying suggesting she is happy, on top of world maybe. This source looks similar to the one featuring Lord Kitchener about recruiting. It is appealing to you like that one by saying ‘these women are doing their bit' so why aren't you? But it is reliable even though it is propaganda because it shows that women were needed in factories and as many as possible. Evidence suggests that the government is actively encouraging women showing a change in society against the norm. This source however does have limits. We are not aware of numbers or how women feel about the work. Or how much they are paid and how hard the work is. But the source fully agrees with the question. It is an essential poster; the government are saying ‘we need help – we need women to solve the munitions crisis'. Source F is written record of the numbers of employed in British industries in 1914 and 1918. The huge increase in transport, manufacturing, civil servants and teachers. Women are going into industries previously dominated by men. The only industry out of the group that decreased was domestic service, an industry that women worked in before the war. It was long hours with little pay sometimes just(i2 per month and women, as far as we can see from Source A ‘hated every minute of it'. This source is useful because it shows how many more women the government employed. There is no suggestion of what the women or government thought though. The source covers the whole period of the war including the time of the munitions crisis and DORA. Many of the women would have been employed because of either or both of these. The source is, therefore very reliable, because it is highly unlikely to be propaganda or biased. However we do not know when it was published or why it was. The source does agree with the statement, because it proves that the number of women in industries from 1914 – 1918 was a huge increase for example in transport only 18, 200 women were employed in 1914 but by 1918 this number had increased to 117, 200! It shows women were needed to fill the places of men. Source G is an extract from an account of one woman's experiences while working during the First World War. It is a primary piece of evidence as it was written in 1919, just after the war has finished. The source tells us about what the male employees did to her. It is useful because we get an understanding of men's attitudes to female employees. Many other sources have supported the idea that man's attitudes are changing, they are respecting women and encouraging women. However this source completely disagrees with this. The foreman gave her ‘wrong or incomplete directions' and she had ‘no tools' to work with yet it was unquestionable to ask to ‘borrow from the men. ‘ The male employees would also treat her badly by drawer being ‘nailed up' and ‘oil poured over everything in it'. This source does not, however, tell us whether the boss knew or if he did, whether he did anything or ignored it. Also we do not know if the men's attitudes changed during her experience, as there are no exact dates of events. But the woman does say ‘none of the men spoke to me for a long time'. This suggesting that maybe she was eventually accepted. This limits the reliability, although having said that, it does seem to be a reliable source as it was undoubtedly used as propaganda of any sort because it was published after the war had finished. The evidence from this source disagrees with the statement because it suggests that the men do not need nor want the female employee in their workforce. They seem to be capable without her. Source H is part of an article in The Engineer published in August 1915 which makes it a primary piece of evidence. It is praising female workers and sounds surprised ‘women can satisfactorily handle much heavier pieces of metal' and are disproving every man who under estimated women ‘than had previously been dreamt of'. It is useful in the sense that it suggests that men's attitudes have changed for the better and the majority of men agree with this. 85 MPs in Parliament agreed to the vote of women. However we do not know how many people agree with this and there is no proof that is was definitely written by a man. There isn't evidence of what job it is or what the conditions were like. It was written at the start of the munitions crisis, when the government were persuading women to join the workforce. So it is possible that this source taken form a trade journal, was used to show women that people did support them, did believe in them and therefore making women warm to the idea employment. The evidence in this statement does support the statement. People were realising, even form an early stage, how much effort women were doing in filling the men's shoes and helping the war effort. Source I, published in 1918, is part of a report on Women's Work in wartime. The source shows how women are losing their femininity ‘she has discarded her petticoats'. Women's clothes were changing and evolving. People were becoming used to it, it seemed normal to have ‘girls at the wheels of the cars'. Women are becoming independent. The source also gives information on other work women did, not just the usual factory industry or munitions. It suggests women are taking over the job industry in every aspect. The source was written at the end of the war meaning that a lot of men will have gone to fight so female workers were a huge majority. The source seems to be very reliable as there is a lot of information and it does not raise many queries. However there are no examples of what women have to say but there is a good gist of numbers in this source making it more useful. But there are no exact figures. This source completely agrees with the question. It shows women were employed in jobs in all areas. Source I, an official war painting titled ‘For King and Country' by E. F. Skinner done in 1917. There is frequent evidence in this source to show it could be propaganda. Firstly the title directly gives a patriotic sense of pride in your country and nation. Aimed at women to join the workforce, it shows a munitions factory almost completely dominated by women. They are smiling, working in good conditions with no obvious dangers although this painting was drawn after medical reports were published in 1916 showing the effects of factory working. It is a very positive painting of the prospect of work. It is an extremely biased painting with no other purpose but to raise the sprits of women. The source is useful because it shows how much effort the government is putting into making propaganda pictures. Although it may not be useful because we get no idea of the down sides of factory life – everything seems so good. This makes the source unreliable because it is a very biased and exaggerated but still reliable in the sense that we can appreciate how much the government wants to keep morale high and spirits up. The source does agree with the statement for the obvious reason that there is a picture full of female workers near to the end of the war. The majority of sources do agree with the question. Source B, D, E, F, H and I all agree. Source C does definitely not agree and Sources A and C seem to be in the middle. Many of the sources which support the view that ‘without the work of women on the Home Front, Britain could not have won the war. ‘ Much other information helps to support this; DORA was set up to solve the munitions crisis and it used women to help overcome it. Suffragettes and suffragists set up many leagues and acts to persuade women to send their male family members to war. It is fair enough to say that without women, nobody would be there to persuade men to go to war, nobody would be there to supply men with ammunitions, and nobody would be there to nurse the injured soldiers. Not only were women coping with this but also had to face the prospect that they would never see their loves ones again. Without the work of women the war for Britain would not have been possible, let alone Britain winning.

Native American and African before the Europeans

According to Kennewick Man in his article that â€Å"for NAGPRA and other related legal purposes, the federal government defines native Americans as any tribe, people, or culture that resided in the territory of the United States before historic European contact and exploration. At present, there are more than 2,000,000 Native Americans in the United States, represented by 769 federally recognized tribes† (See K. Man, â€Å"Who are Native Americans?† Past concepts of Native Americans). In Wikepedia, the free encyclopedia stated that â€Å"the term indigenous people of the America encompasses the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the first European explorers in the late 15th century, as well as many present-day ethnic groups who identify themselves with those historical people (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).On the other hand, the National Museums Liverpool published in its website that  "the people of West Africa had a rich and varied history and culture long before the Europeans slavers arrived. They had a wide variety of political arrangements which include kingdoms, city and other organizations, each with their own languages and culture† (See â€Å"Africa before European slavery†. National Museums Liverpool).Native AmericansEven though cultural features included language, garb, and customs vary enormously from one tribe to another, there are certain elements which are shared by many of the indigenous people of the America (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).Native America music of North America Indians is almost entirely monophonic but there not notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often includes drumming but little other instrumentation, although flutes are played by individuals. While the art of the indigenous people of Central Mexico and Central Americas comprises a major category in the world art collection. Their contributions are pottery, paintings, jewelry, weavings, sculptures, basketry, and carvings (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).*European Colonization*In wikipedia, its researched stated that â€Å"the European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the indigenous peoples of the continent. In 15th century up to 19th century, their populations were ravaged by the privations of displacement, by disease and in many cases by warfare with European groups and enslavement by them. The first indigenous group that was met by Columbus was about 250,000 in number which were the Arawaks of Hispaniola and this group was enslaved by them. These European people also brought illnesses against which the indigenous people of America had no immunity† (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†.From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).   According to Dav id Ruvolo that â€Å"the history of America religion is dominated by the presence of Christianity brought to the New World by European settlers. Time had run out for the indigenous race that populated the continent of North America. Native Americans were faced with an enemy that was more advanced like with the Israelites of the sixth century B.C.E.† (See D. Ruvolo, â€Å"A Summary of Native American Religious†).*Africa before the European slavery*According to Olaudah Equiano on his autobiography which he wrote in 1789 stated that â€Å"the part of Africa which was known by the name Guinea to which the trade is carried on extends along the coast above 3,400 miles from Senegal to Angola and includes a variety of kingdoms. This kingdom is divided into many provinces or distinct. In one of the most remote and fertile of which is called Eboe. Equiano was born in 1745, in charming fruitful vale named essaka. The distance of the province from capital of Benin and the sea coa st must be very considerable, for Eboe Equiano had never heard about the white men or Europeans† (See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum).*Agriculture*As Equiano stated that their â€Å"land was uncommonly rich and fruitful, and produces all kinds of vegetables in abundance. All industries were exerted to improve those blessings of nature. Agriculture was their chief employment, and everyone even the children and women were engaged in it† (See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum).*Clothing*He continued, Equiano, which â€Å"their manners were simple and their luxuries were few. The dress of both sexes was nearly the same. It generally consists of a long piece of calico or Muslin, wrapped loosely around the body, somewhat in the form of a highland plaid. This was usually dyed blue, which their favorite color. It was extracted from a berry and was brighter and richer than any he had seen in Europe. Their women, o f distinction wore golden ornaments which disposed with profusion on their arms and legs. When their women were not employed with the men in tillage, their usual occupation was spinning and weaving cotton, which they afterwards dye and made into garments. They also manufacture earthen vessels of which they had many kinds† (See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum).*Dance and Music*Moreover, Equiano added that â€Å"they were almost a nation of dancers, musicians and poet. In every great event such as a triumphant return from battle or other cause of public rejoicing,   was celebrated in public dances which were accompanied with songs and music which was suited to the occasion† (See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum).*After the Europeans*West Africans had traded with Europeans through merchants in North Africa for centuries. In the 15th century, the Portuguese were the first traders who sailed down the West Afr ican coast. After that, the Dutch, British, French and Scandinavians followed. They were mainly interested in precious items such as ivory, gold, and spices, in particular the pepper (See â€Å"Africa before European slavery†. National Museums Liverpool).ReferencesMan, K., â€Å"Who are Native Americans?† Past concepts of Native Americans.Http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/kman/who_are_native_americans.htm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.   â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_AmericasRuvolo, D. â€Å"A Summary of Native American Religious†. Http://are.as.wvu.edu/ruvolo.htm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚   Http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/slavery/abefore.asp  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.   Equiano, O. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/slavery/olaudah.asp#earlylife

Art Show On the UWG Campus essays

Art Show On the UWG Campus essays The faculty art exhibition at the University of West Georgia campus was diverse and fascinating. The different pieces in this show were done in a variety of styles, such as photography, watercolor, metalwork, and sculpture. There were also many different themes being portrayed. The most common theme was landscape. Though every piece of artwork was creative and interesting in its own respect, a painting by Clint Samples is what I will be discussing. The painting Gallatin River II by Clint Samples was beautifully done in watercolor. The colors used were soft and the dark and light colors blended well together. The paint-brush strokes in smooth, horizontal lines gave the impression of movement. The artist leads the observer through the painting from the upper right-hand corner to the lower left corresponding to the visual movement. The shading on the rocks, the plants, and on the water itself gave the image depth. The theme of nature in this piece as well as the style in which it was done, and the colors and technique used, give this painting a soft and tranquil feel. The most dominant element is line, though the shapes were amorphous. The reason I chose this piece of work was because I was immediately drawn to it. It caught my attention because of how smooth the texture was and how soft and harmonious the colors were. The painting was realistic and captivating. I really enjoyed examining it because, although most of the shapes were large and the colors were layered to give it more dimension, I was still surprised to find smaller, more deliberate details that added an introspective quality to it. It was just as beautiful as if it were a photograph. ...

Madame Schachter essays

Madame Schachter essays Madame Schachters Point of View We were being lined up and stuffed into a boxcar of 80 people. The air and food are scarce. All the heat was unbearable. Lying down was out of the question, and we were only able to sit by deciding to take turns. It has been days since we had stopped last. Saving rations was our rule. We would save for tomorrow because tomorrow might be worse. Im here with my youngest some Isaac who has been brave throughout this entire ordeal. My husband and two older sons, Jacob and David, were taken away by mistake to a different camp. I fear I will never see them again. On the first night of our journey I would moan in my sleep asking God why he had separated my family from me. The train has finally stopped. A man closest to the window said the sign read Kaschau. A German officer who was accompanied by a Hungarian lieutenant-interpreter who introduced themselves greeted us. He said to us, From this moment, you come under the authority of the German army. Those of you who still have gold, silver, or watches in your possession must give them up now. Anyone who is later found to have kept anything will be shot on the spot. Secondly, anyone who feels ill may go to the hospital car. Thats all. He also told us, There are eighty of you in a wagon, if anyone is missing, youll all be shot, like dogs... The doors were then closed again and we went on another journey of not knowing where we would end up. During this journey I saw a fire in the corner of the boxcar, by the window. I could see the flames shooting up and the burnt flesh. I yelled and screamed, Look! Look at it! Fire! A terrible fire! Mercy! Oh, that fire! Nobody would believe me. Even my own son was trying to calm me down, Its all right, Mummy! Theres nothing there ... Sit down... I kept screaming at them for a couple days. Soon other men on this boxcar tied me up, gagg...

One Fell Swoop

One Fell Swoop One Fell Swoop One Fell Swoop By Simon Kewin Its quite common for people to use the phrase one fowl swoop (or even one foul swoop) when they want to convey the idea of an event taking place all at once and very suddenly. But why do we say this? Is the phrase something to do with birds swooping to the ground in a great rush? In fact the phrase does have some connection to birds but both one fowl swoop and one foul swoop are incorrect. The original phrase is actually one fell swoop. The phrase is an old one. It may have been coined by Shakespeare in 1605, or he may merely have popularised it. In any case, the following lines can be found in Macbeth (Act 4, scene 3). Macduff has just heard that his family have been killed: All my pretty ones? Did you say all?- O hell-kite!- All? What, all my pretty chickens, and their dam, At one fell swoop? So Shakespeare does employ the image of a bird of prey, a hell-kite, swooping to the ground to kill all his pretty chickens. But the word he uses is fell. This, of course, is still a common word, but Shakespeare is using a rather obscure sense of that word, meaning of terrible evil or ferocity. Its source is the same as felon, a wicked person. So, â€Å"one fell swoop† originally meant a sudden, ferocious attack, although the sense of savagery in the phrase has been lost over the years and people now use it to mean, simply, all at once. Footnote : the dive of a bird of prey is more accurately referred to as a stoop rather than a swoop as in, for example, â€Å"the peregrine falcon can reach speeds of over 200 mph in a stoop†. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowRunning Amok or Running Amuck?Shore It Up

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Caffe Nero - 5 year Marketing Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

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